Lower Back Discomfort - Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Understanding the Causes of Lower Back Discomfort and Its Symptoms

“Today, nearly 90% of the world’s population experiences back pain at least once in their life. Many patients who visit clinics often report severe back pain and suspect that it may be due to disc-related issues. However, after thorough examination, it is found that around 80-90% of people suffer from mechanical problems, such as poor posture, lifestyle habits, and muscle imbalances caused by daily activities. These mechanical issues are often the root cause of lower back discomfort and can lead to chronic pain if not addressed.

While some patients worry that their back pain is caused by serious conditions like disc problems, proper assessment often reveals that many cases can be managed without surgery. Even in cases of chronic disc issues, early intervention and physiotherapy play a crucial role in effective recovery and preventing serious complications.”

— VYBHAV S, Sr. Physiotherapist at Wellmaxphysio*

Common Causes of Lower Back Discomfort

Lower back discomfort can arise from a variety of factors, ranging from lifestyle habits to injuries or medical conditions. Understanding these causes can help in identifying the right treatment and avoiding long-term complications.

1. Muscle or Ligament Strains

Strains occur when back muscles are overused, stretched, or torn due to sudden movements or lifting heavy objects improperly.
Activities like sports, household chores, or work-related tasks can easily lead to these injuries.

2. Poor Posture

Prolonged sitting, especially in a slouched position, or standing incorrectly can strain the lower back.
Office workers and individuals working on computers for long hours are more prone to posture-related pain.

3. Herniated or Bulging Discs

When the soft tissue inside spinal discs pushes out, it can press on nearby nerves and cause significant pain.
Aging and repetitive stress on the spine are common reasons for herniated discs.

4. Arthritis and Osteoporosis

Arthritis causes inflammation in spinal joints, while osteoporosis weakens bones, increasing the risk of fractures and pain.
These conditions are more common in older adults and require careful management.

5. Lifestyle Factors

A sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and lack of physical activity contribute to weakened back muscles and overall poor spinal health.
Bad habits like smoking can also reduce blood flow to the spine, worsening the condition.

6. Injuries and Accidents

Sports injuries, falls, or road accidents can cause damage to the spine or lower back muscles.
Immediate medical attention and rehabilitation are essential for recovery.

Symptoms of Lower Back Pain

Recognising the symptoms of lower back pain is essential for early intervention and effective treatment. The severity and type of symptoms can vary depending on the underlying cause.

1. Sharp or Dull Pain

Pain can range from mild discomfort to sharp, debilitating sensations that make movement difficult.
It may occur suddenly after an injury or develop gradually over time.

2. Radiating Pain

Pain that spreads to the hips, thighs, or legs is often linked to nerve-related issues, such as sciatica.
This type of pain can be persistent or intermittent.

3. Stiffness and Limited Mobility

A stiff lower back can make bending, twisting, or even walking challenging.
Morning stiffness is a common symptom that usually eases with movement.

4. Numbness or Tingling Sensation

Nerve compression or damage can lead to numbness, tingling, or a “pins and needles” feeling in the back or legs.

5. Chronic Pain

Pain lasting longer than three months is considered chronic and often affects daily activities and mental health.

Preventing and Managing Lower Back Pain

Lower back pain can often be avoided or minimised with lifestyle adjustments and proactive care. Preventive measures and early management strategies can help maintain a healthy spine and reduce discomfort.

1. Exercise and Strength Training

Regular exercises like stretching and core strengthening can support the spine and improve flexibility.
Consult a physiotherapist for a personalised exercise plan.

2. Maintain Good Posture

Use ergonomic chairs and desks, and ensure your back is straight while sitting or standing for long periods.
Sit up straight to avoid extra pressure on your back.

3. Healthy Lifestyle Choices

Maintain a balanced diet, stay hydrated, and avoid smoking to support spinal health.
Regular physical activity, even walking, can prevent back pain.

4. Timely Physiotherapy

Seeking professional help early can address mechanical issues and prevent them from worsening.
Physiotherapy focuses on pain relief, strengthening, and improving mobility without invasive treatments.

Conclusion

Lower back discomfort and pain are common yet manageable conditions. By understanding the causes and recognising the symptoms early, you can take proactive steps to maintain a healthy back. Physiotherapy offers safe and effective solutions, whether improving posture, strengthening muscles, or addressing chronic issues. If you are experiencing lower back pain, don’t wait—consult a physiotherapist today and take control of your spinal health.